Jessica Marie

 1) How is Orwell’s Animal Farm an allegorical retelling of the end of feudalism and the rise and consolidation of communism in Russia?
In the Russia of 1917 after a politically complicated civil war, Tsar Nicholas II, the monarch of Russia, was forced to abdicate the throne that his family had held for three centuries ( Just as Jones was) . Vladimir Ilych Lenin, a Russian intellectual revolutionary, seized power in the name of the Communist Party. The new regime took land and industry from private control and put them under government supervision. This centralization of economic systems constituted the first steps in restoring Russia to the prosperity it had known before World War I and in modernizing the nation’s primitive infrastructure( As Napoleon and Snowball, tried to modernize Animal Farm), including bringing electricity to the countryside (Electrical windmill). After Lenin died in 1924 , Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky (represented as Napoleon and Snowball) jockeyed for control of the newly formed Soviet Union. Stalin (Napoleon), a crafty and manipulative politician, soon banished Trotsky(Snowball), an idealistic proponent of international communism. Stalin then began to consolidate his power with brutal intensity, killing or imprisoning his perceived political enemies and overseeing the purge of approximately twenty million Soviet citizens.(Napoleon killing those who showed any side of rebellion against his plans/orders, and the manipulating of the rest of the animals for his own selfish greed)
 2) How does Orwell parallel Czarist Russia and the life of the Russian peasantry in the characters and events of Animal Farm?
Russian society in the early twentieth century was ‘bipolar’: a tiny minority controlled most of the country’s wealth, while the vast majority of the country’s inhabitants were basically peasants. Eventually communism arose in Russia when the nation’s workers and peasants rebelled against and overwhelmed the wealthy and powerful class of capitalists and aristocrats. This relates Directly to Animal farm, where as the animals; treated exactly as peasents, doing the work for the ‘wealthy’; a.k.a. the humans, who evidently rebel against their opressors; Mr. Jones, and others alike.
 3)  What internal feud within the Communist party is paralleled in the struggle for power between Napoleon and Snowball?
After Lenin died in 1924 (who’s role was basically played as ’Old Major’; also interprated as Karl Marx the idealist) , Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky jockeyed for control of the newly formed Soviet Union. Stalin, a crafty and manipulative politician, had banished Trotsky, just as Napolean banished Snowball, for their idealistic thinking. Stalin then began to consolidate his power with brutal intensity, just as killing or imprisoning his perceived political enemies and overseeing the purge of approximately twenty million Soviet citizens. Just as Napolean had manipulated all the animals on the farm, and any of those who tried to stand against him ( ie. the hens that lead the small ‘egg’ rebellion) were slaughtered immediately, and anyone else who attempted to make a stand were also taken care of.
 4)  During the Stalinist period the Communist State repeatedly set industrial and agricultural production goals that were often difficult or impossible to reach. These goals played a major role in the government’s Five Year Plan and similar plans. How are these plans represented in Orwell’s novella?
These plans are represented in Orwell’s novella, as Napoleon saughts out almost impossible projects to be completed in minimal timing ( the windmill was a two year project, and once it was destroyed due to a storm, Napoleon expected it to be completed within the same time spand, except thicker built, and using bigger rocks, which make the already heavy workload even worse). Not to mention adding new ongoing projects, such as a schoolhouse for the pigglets, and changing the vacant field; its purpose was for retired animals, into a barly patch.
 5)  How does Napoleon gradually begin to abuse his power? Why do the other animals of Manor Farm allow him to encroach upon their rights and freedoms?
Napolean gradually began to abuse his power by manipulating the animals into believing that his desires were actually theirs(the rest of the animals) aswell. He made them believe they all had a similar goal, and in order to secure his plans, he used such reasonings as the threat of mankind returning to overthrow them. He scared the animals into thinking that if they don’t follow the almighty, knows everything, Napolean, they were doomed. He also used boxers death as a way of motivating them by telling them that boxer wished for them to follow his; Napoleon’s, every word. No to mention Napoleon promised the animals better brighter futures; giving them false hopes and dreams.
 6)  How does Napoleon respond to criticism or resistance? Is there a parallel to his behavior in the history of Soviet Union?
Napoleon Kills/ immediately elimates anyone/ any animal that attempts to rebel. (ie. the hens that led the small ‘egg’ rebellion) which is similar to that of Stalin, who killed/ imprisoned all of his perceived political enemies.
 7)  In the last paragraphs of the novella Napoleon, amongst the other human farmers, is heard to give a toast to the prosperity of Manor Farm. Contained within this scene is the irony that makes Napoleon’s behavior so ghastly. Describe the irony inherent in Napoleon’s behavior, and explain how it corresponds to the behavior of the party elite in the Soviet Union.
It is established how Napolean has officially broken all the original commandments; recent ones being ‘Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.’ and ‘ No animals shall wear clothes.’ and after witnessing the way the pigs were treated in relation to the rest of the animals, the commandment of ‘All animals are equal’ was also broken, especially how Napoleon talked town upon the rest of them at the dinner table alongside the human beings. It was described that ‘ from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which’. Being the very last sentence of the entire novel, after the pigs get into a dispute with their neighbor dinner guests.
So basically, the irony of it all, was how the pigs became everything they rebelled against, and saught to change, just as Stalin did in the Soviet Union; he oversaw the purge of approximately twenty million Soviet citizens.

Chapter One: Speech By Famous Political Leader

Emma Goldman’s
“What is Patriotism?” speech
San Francisco, CA, 1908
http://www.memorablequotations.com/Patriotism.htm

Emma Goldman, a political activist/ anarchist; which doesn’t make it any less of a political speech’s, message is exactly as the title suggests, ‘What is Patriotism?” she explains how its really nothing of honor, or to be proud of. According to Emma who quotes a famous anti-patriot of her time, she explains a whole new point of view of patriotism, one that i really enjoyed:
“Patriotism, sir, is the last resort of scoundrels,” said Dr. Samuel Johnson. Leo Tolstoy, the greatest anti-patriot of our time, defines patriotism as the principle that will justify the training of wholesale murderers; a trade that requires better equipment in the exercise of man-killing than the making of such necessities as shoes, clothing, and houses; a trade that guarantees better returns and greater glory than that of the honest workingman.”
Suggesting that a patriot is considered to be a blood thirsty murderer ready to kill innocent victims for their country.
I was also very fond of this specific part of her speech, where she gives a very detailed example of the princilples of patriotism.
“Indeed, conceit, arrogance and egotism are the essentials of patriotism. Let me illustrate. Patriotism assumes that our globe is divided into little spots, each one surrounded by an iron gate. Those who have had the fortune of being born on some particular spot consider themselves nobler, better, grander, more intelligent than those living beings inhabiting any other spot. It is, therefore, the duty of everyone living on that chosen spot to fight, kill and die in the attempt to impose his superiority upon all the others.”
You see, during this time period, the military tried everything possible to get people to recruit, by even sending sumbliminal messages through schooling, incorporating some sort of training and provocation as the children grew up, in order to have them serve for the military. This is why Emma Goldman spoke out.

Chapter Four: Monuments & Anthems

Monuments:

http://i207.photobucket.com/albums/bb12/essie_colours/monument2.png

http://i207.photobucket.com/albums/bb12/essie_colours/monument3.png

http://i207.photobucket.com/albums/bb12/essie_colours/monument1.png

Anthems:

http://i207.photobucket.com/albums/bb12/essie_colours/Anthem1.png

http://i207.photobucket.com/albums/bb12/essie_colours/Anthem2.png

http://i207.photobucket.com/albums/bb12/essie_colours/Anthem3.png 

Chapter Five: Windmill

 OLD<<>>NEW
What is a windmill?
A windmill is an engine powered by the wind to produce energy. They are generally found in large buildings, as in traditional post mills, smock mills and tower mills. Their uses are plentiful with the energy they produce as it is normally enough to power equipment used for grinding grain or spices, pumping water, sawing wood or hammering seeds.
Quick history:
Windmills have been in existence for about 1,300 years. They were reportedly first built in Persia around the 7th century. Of the first ones to be created, most of them followed the same pattern of construction which had vertical shafts made of six to twelve sails covered in fabric or palm leaves, and were used to grind corn and draw up water. Similar windmills were also known to be created in China in the 13th century.
Today’s Windmills ( also known as turbines):
Most modern wind turbines have three blades, and operate facing the wind, and in order to get the strongest airflow possible, they’re built in tall towers that reach high up in the sky. How the wind turbines work is quite simple, you see, the wind turns the blades; which spins a shaft; which connects to a generator and makes electricity. Today’s blade’s are controlled so they always spin at the same rate.
If we take a look at statistis, on average the big, efficient turbines can generate up to 3.6 megawatts each; one megawatt being enough to provide power to about 300 or more homes.

Chapter Six: Employee Schedule
 As a fictional job, i chose it to be a Strawberry Ranch, but not only is it a fictional job, but i also decided to place it in a fictional world, where strawberries grow all year round.

“Starget Stupendous Strawberry Patch” 

Jerry – Is responsible for plowing the fields, and mainting the columns between the strawberry bushels. When the fields are flourished with strawberries, he’s responsible for removing the rotted fallen ones, and helping out with customers who enjoy personally picking their own strawberries.

Jim – Is responsible for making absolute sure that only strawberries are what is going on the ranch. He is basically the ‘weeder’ and is to eliminate, and remove all alien plants. ( If need be, pestasides are also used)

Phill – Is responsible for the well being of the crop. He lays down fresh manure where Jim claims necessary, and is also responsible for watering the fields.

Wallus – Is responsible for the cherry picking for the ‘store’, so spends his days in the fields picking strawberries, and bringing them into the store, cleaned up, and accompanies Bob in whatever it is the strawberries are to be used for. ( Wallus takes over the store on weekends)

Bob – Is responsible for the shop. He spends his time behind the counter making jams, cookies, and other goods using their farms strawberries (sometimes accompanied by Wallus) and helps customers with their shopping needs. He is basically responsible for mainting the store.

Schedule:

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Chapter Seven: The Winnipeg General Strike (1919)

The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 was a well renowned strike in Canadian history. It also carries the status of being one of the most influential strikes to have taken place aswell, for it provoked, and created a new platform for future labour reforms in that time period.
This strike in particular all began at the end of World War I when there was a rise in the cost of living due to the inflation caused by the war. Because of this Winnipeg’s teamsters, electrical workers, water works employees and office workers approached City Council for a wage increase; inevitably, the proposal was rejected. Due to the uproar this caused, the council dismissed all their workers, which made things even worse, strengthening the strikers and increasing their numbers. The strike however, was resolved when the Federal Government of Canada stepped in, in fear of the strike spreading to other towns and cities, and forced the City Council to give into the employee’s proposal. Sadly enough, with this triumph, this provoked the use of striking in order to gain other labour and union reforms. ( Go figure?!.. it worked once, they figured “heck, lets do this all the time” who wouldn’t? ha ha )

Chapter One
Who owns Manor Farm?
Mr.Jones
What problem does he have?
He’s an alcoholic.
Who is Old Major?
Prize White Boar; 12 years old, that belongs to Mr.Jones
Why does Old Major assemble the animals?
Old Major had a dream that he wanted to share & discuss his hatred towards mankind; the disgust of man kind and their control over animals; all animals being comrades.
List the ideals outlined by Old Major that should occur after the rebellion.
‘Overnight they could become rich and free, free form the tyranny of human beings’
-According to Old Major, Rebellion is the path to freedom. Overthrowing the human race would make animals “rich and free” almost instantly. Old Major begs the other animals to devote the rest of their lives to the cause of Rebellion and to reject the idea that they have co-dependence with Man
What broke up the meeting?
The uproar of the animal’s choir as they sang ‘Beasts of England’ awoke Mr. Jones and he suspected there was a fox in the yard, so he grabbed his gun and fired about 6 shots into the darkness.
What political idea in Russian history does Old Major represent?
Represents the fundamental theories and ideals on which the revolution was based on.
To what political figure in Russian history does Jones correspond?
Czar Nicholas II, who treated people inhumanely; just like ‘farm animals’ and how Jones treats them.

Chapter Two
Who are the three main pigs?
The three main pigs are Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer 
The pigs formulate the teachings of Old Major into a system of thought. What is it called?
The system of though the pigs formulate from Old Major’s teaching is called ‘Animalism’.
The animals encounter a couple of problems as they begin to discuss the coming rebellion. Name one of them.
“ Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gona, we should starve to death”.
What two leaders emerge after the rebellion?
The two leaders that emerge after the rebellion are Snowball and Napoleon.
What is done with the farmhouse?
The farmhouse is preserved as a museum.
What have the pigs been doing for the past three months?
The pigs learn how to read and from books that used to belond to Mr. Jones’ children; Snowball being the one to have it down best.
Who came up with the Seven Commandments?
Snowball and Napolean.
What seems funny about the working conditions after the rebellion?
What’s funny about the working conditions after the rebellion, is that they become none the less difficult. Basically even more work is required from the animals; having to do everything now that Mr.Jones is gone.
Who was taking the milk?
The pigs were taking the milk to mix in their mush.
Who was sent to explain why the milk was being used by the pigs?. Name one of the arguments that he used to explain why the milk was going to the pigs.
Squealer, and he claimed that the pigs needed it as ‘brain food’ to allow them to properly function, and think, as they are what keeps the farm in check/together; come up with all the ideas and what not.

Chapter Three
How well did the animals work together? Why do you think so?
They worked together quite well, due to the common ambitions and goals, not to mention they all benefit from everyone’s days’ work.
Are all the animals equal? Describe any “classes” or rankings of animals that you see. 
No the animals are not all equal, the pigs are definitely of superiority in comparison; claiming all the milk and apples for themselves. Whereas animals such as Boxer who does the most work, goes unrewarded.
What shows that there are already problems in the leadership of the new government? 
Snowball & Napoleon(the leaders) can never agree on anything. (eg. Napoleon found Snowball’s windmill plans ridiculous and urinated all over Snowball’s drawings.)
Who among the workers is most admired? Why?
Boxer (the horse) is no doubt the most admired amon the workers, as he’s the strongest, works longer, and even volunteers to do extra, simply for the cause. And when working, his motto is ‘i will work harder’.
To what do you think the hoof and horn on the flag correspond?
The hammer and sickle on the Communist flag.
Who was taking the milk?
The pigs were taking the milk to mix in their mush.
Who was sent to explain why the milk was being used by the pigs?. Name one of the arguments that he used to explain why the milk was going to the pigs.
Squealer, and he claimed that the pigs needed it as ‘brain food’ to allow them to properly function, and think, as they are what keeps the farm in check/together; come up with all the ideas and what not.

Chapter Four
How did Napoleon and Snowball spread the news of the rebellion to the animals on neighboring farms?
the use of the pigeons.
Did Pilkington and Frederick offer to help Jones at first? 
No, they saw it almost as a good thing if anything; less competition.
How did they react to their own animals’ singing “Beasts of England”? 
Scared for their lives, in fear that their animals would soon turn on them too.
What name was given to the battle in which Jones and his friends tried to retake Animal Farm?
The battle of the Cowshed.
Where was Mollie during the battle?
As soon as the gun went off, mollie ran to hide in her stall, head burried in the hay. 
Where did Snowball learn his battle techniques?
The book Julius Caeser.
Why did Snowball give the sound for retreat?
As a ploy to fool the men into the barn where they had an ambush ready consisting of the hourses, cows and pigs.
What makes Boxer seem particularly human and lovable?
He has no intentions of killing anyone, and feels remorse for ‘killing’ the stable hand; though we find out he’s not actually dead.
What does Napoleon tell Boxer that shows him to be ruthless? Name two human rituals (traditions) that the animals used to celebrate their victory.
When Napolean tells Boxer ‘War is war. The only good human being is a dead one’
As for the human rituals: #1;Naming of the battle #2; awarding ‘medals’ a.k.a. old horse-brasses.

Chapter Five
If Mollie was a person, what would she be like?
Definitely the stereo type of a ‘dumb blonde’ completely all about image.
To what does the power struggle between Napoleon and Snowball relate historically?
Russia basically had a Snowball and Napolean being represented as Stalin and Trotky with both having their struggles for power and thoughts of communism.
What idea did Snowball have to improve conditions on the farm?
Snowball wanted to create a windmill to power a lot of the farms labour; power tools, and heat/cool the stalls.
The animal divided into two factions (they took two sides). What slogans did they come up with?
The two groups: Snowball: “Vote for Snowball and the three-day week” vs. Napoleon:“Vote for Napolean and the full manger”.
At the meeting about the windmill, Snowball begins to win over the animals. What does Napoleon do about this? What happens to Snowball? To what event does this relate historically?
Napolean unleashes the dogs in which were once pups, that he had taken away from the mother, secluded them from the rest of the animals, and raised them on his own. Historically, this is similar to that of how the Russian police working for Staling chased Trotsky away.
Look again at the Seven Commandments. Which one is no longer in effect?
‘Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
Name one change that is made after Snowball is kicked out. Who is it that convinces the animals that Napoleon was actually helping them?
The pigs began sleeping in the farmhouse. Squealer is the one who convinces the animals that Napoleon was actually helping them.
What phrase always stopped any arguments from the animals?
 ”Surely non of you wishes to see Jones back?”
What two phrases does Boxer use frequently?
“I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right”.
When Squealer explains about the windmill at the end of the chapter, what causes the animals to go along with his explanation?. Who do the fierce dogs symbolize?
The explanation given was simply that Snowball had stolen the plans from Napoleon. The fierce dogs represent the Russian police during their revolution.

Chapter Six
What was ironic about the animals working on the windmill on Sundays?
It was ironic because one of the first changes for the animals after the rebellion was the ability to have Sundays off from work. However, now, with the pigs in control, they “ask” the animals to work on Sunday. Making it seem as if its voluntary, yet if they choose not to work, they get their rations cut in half.
Why was the windmill so hard to build?
Because it required a lot of large stones, yet although the farm had a bunch, breaking them into small enough pieces to move, not to mention actually moving them, was hard work.
Without whom would the windmill have been impossible?
Without Boxer the windmill would have been impossible. He even woke up 45 minutes before everyone else so that he could start work sooner and get more done.
What did Napoleon tell the hens about giving up their eggs?
That the sacrifice of their eggs was needed to trade for money, that they needed for the windmill, and that it was their contribution.
How is Snowball used as a scapegoat?
Snowball is used as a scapegoat because after a storm had passed, the windmill that they spent so long to build was in ruins, and Napolean had to keep the animal’s hope going; so they would restart building the windmill, so he said it was Snowball.
Which commandment is changed, and how?
”no animal shall sleep in a bed” was changed to “no animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets”.

Chapter Seven
What was one of the strongest motivations for completing the rebuilding of the windmill?
One of the strongest motivations for completing the windmill was to prove the humans wrong. The people around Animal Farm believed the animals would be unsuccessful with the windmill and in truth this thought only motivated the animals more.
Why did it finally become necessary for the hens to surrender all their eggs?
Because the farm needed more grain and meal, as they were low on food, and needed to keep the farm going till summer. [not the mention the pig's uncontrollable addiction to alcohol no less?]
What did the hens do to rebel against this?
The hens flew up to the rafters to lay their eggs which smashed to pieces on the floor.
What else is revealed about Snowball?
(According to Napoleon) Snowball lived on one of the neighbouring farms and came to animal farm frequently during the night, and that he ‘attempted’ to get them all destroyed at the battle of Cowshed.
What do the confessions and executions of the pigs, hens, goose, and sheep symbolize? Which of the Seven Commandments does this violate? 
They represent the same situations as that of the Russians encountered with Stalin. Stalin forced his political enemies to admit to false accusations and then proceeded by publically executing them.
And the commandment it violated on animal farm was the 6th “No animal shall kill any other animal”
What does Boxer think was the cause of the frightening slaughter of fellow animals? What is his solution?
Boxer believes that the slaughters were caused by a fault within themselves, and his solution to it is to ‘work harder’.

Chapter Nine
What species of animal is increasing in number? Decreasing?
The pigs are increasing drastically while to hens are decreasing. In total 31 pigglets were born while there are to many eggs being exported from the farm to maintain the hen population.
Why are only the young pigs being educated, and why are they discouraged from playing with other young animals?
The young pigs are the only ones being educated, because pigs are ‘smarter’ then all the other animals. They’re discouraged from playing with other animals so that they’ll have no connection or relation with them, that would make them even consider being remotely similar (breaking the bonds of animalism).
How was the president of the new Republic elected?
The president was elected by a vote, and seeing as Napolean was the only animal to run he was automatically elected.
What happens to Boxer? Why is this so tragic?
Boxer collapses during his extra hours of work on the windmill, and seeing as he is no longer able to work the pigs secretly send him to the ‘knackers’ and tell the pigs the the vet had bought the truch from the ‘knackers’ yet hadn’t gotten a chance to change the name on it. It was tragic because he worked the hardest, and was the most valuable animal on the farm, well liked, and was so close to retirement, as he looked forward to it so much, and believed life would be great after the windmill was built. 
How did the pigs use Boxer’s death to get the animals to work harder?
The pigs had convinced the animals that apparently Boxer’s last words were to listen to exactly what Napolean says. (And in loving memory, they do this for ‘Boxer’.)

Chapter One

Scullery - A small room or section of a pantry or kitchen in which cooking utensils are cleaned and stored

Mincing - To cut or chop into very small pieces.

Tyranny – arbitrary or unrestrained exercise of power; despotic abuse of authority.

Dissentients – to disagree with the methods, goals, etc., of a political party or government; take an opposing view.

Enmity - a feeling or condition of hostility; hatred; ill will; animosity; antagonism.

Chapter Two

pre-eminent - Superior to or notable above all others; outstanding.

expounded - To give a detailed statement of; set forth.

spinney - a small wood or thicket.

unalterable – not capable of being altered, changed, or modified.

Chapter Three

grudging- To agree to do something that is unpleasing or you were unwilling to do, you are reluctant to perform a task.

parasitical- Acting like a parasite (i.e living off one another).

obstinate- Being stubborn: tenaciously unwilling or stubborn towards something.

cryptic- Something of an obscure nature that is mysterious and puzzling.

Chapter Four

tractable- Easily managed/ controlled.

irrepressible- Impossible to repress, control or restrain (uncontrollable).

ignominious- Something that is humiliating or discreditable in nature.

posthumously- Continuing after death.

Chapter Five
pretext- An excuse that is used to conceal the truth.

publican- An Owner of a pub or tavern.

manifestly- obvious, unmistakably apparent or evident.

factions- A group of people who share the same goals or ideas.

eloquence-Language that is said to be powerful, persuasive or effective.

sordid- Wretched or squalid.

articulate- Someone who is able to speak well by being both clear and effective.

disinterred- Unearth, exhume.

Chapter Six

laborious- Working to the point of exhaustion (something that requires much perseverance).

arable- Land which can effectivly be used for framing or crops.

repose- To rest or sleep.

perpendicularity- A line or view that is described as being straight up or down (vertical).

flagstaff- Essentially a flag pole.

malignity- Intense hatred towards someone or something.

Chapter Seven

chaff- Different husks (of grains) or grasses , straw that is cut up for consumption.

mangels- Beets that are used to feed livestock.

infanticide- A person(or the act of) who murders an infant

capitulated- Surrendering to something, giving up,coming to terms.

coccidiosis- infestation with coccidia (parasites)

stupefied- dumbfounded, overwelmed or shocked because of something.

categorically- Without exception, absolute.

Countenance- Facial expressions

Chapter Nine

superannuated- One who is too old to work, retired.

complicity- The accomplice (partener) involved in a crime.

knacker- Someone who buys animals (usually horses) to slaughter them for thsuch things as glue.